[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":148},["ShallowReactive",2],{"13e7187ba6a93996354e7bce00cf9dc1":3,"a59cf34fef39c8eb756b3c9c8fb996ea":7,"0ea44d49046d470956637ff2b25d7864":22,"TopCategory":41},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},200,"success",{},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":8},{"id":9,"title":10,"time":11,"context":12,"mainImage":13,"mainImageAlt":14,"status":15,"sortNum":16,"createTime":17,"updateTime":18,"description":19,"type":20,"author":21},20,"How does a spectrometer measure a spectrum?","2025-09-16 00:00:00","\u003Cp style=\"text-align: left;\">\u003Cstrong>How does a spectrometer measure a spectrum?\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: left;\">\u003Cstrong> \u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>Spectrometer Principle\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\u003Cp> \u003C/p>\u003Cp>A spectrometer is a device that breaks light down into all its different colors—really into their precise wavelengths—so we can measure and understand what the light is made of. Scientists and engineers use it in many areas: to check the quality of metals, identify rocks and minerals, track chemicals in water, test medicines and fuels, monitor air pollution, and even study the light from distant stars and planets.\u003C/p>\u003Cp> \u003C/p>\u003Cp>Most modern spectrometers follow what’s called a Czerny-Turner (C-T) design. Inside, two curved mirrors guide the light. The first mirror straightens the incoming beam and sends it to a special grating—a finely ruled surface that spreads the light into separate wavelengths, like a very precise rainbow. The second mirror focuses that separated light onto a detector, such as a photodiode array or a camera chip, which records how bright each wavelength is. The C-T design is popular because it’s efficient, reliable, and easy to build in different sizes. Extra parts like filter wheels can be added to block unwanted reflections and improve accuracy. Thanks to this flexible design, spectrometers can be made small enough for handheld use, powerful enough for advanced laboratory research, or robust enough for a wide range of industrial applications.\u003C/p>\u003Cp> \u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>C-T Optical Path\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\u003Cp> \u003C/p>\u003Cp>The C-T optical layout was invented in 1930 by Martin Czerny and Alfred Turner, and people still use it in most spectrometers today. Even though that was nearly a century ago, people still use this design in most spectrometers today because it gives very sharp results and works for many different jobs. This design is now the standard in instruments that measure ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), and near-infrared (NIR) light. There are two main ways to arrange the optics in a C-T spectrometer:\u003C/p>\u003Cp> \u003C/p>\u003Cp>The traditional C-T setup keeps the mirrors and grating lined up so the light travels in a simple, straight path. The first curved mirror catches and straightens the incoming light, the diffraction grating spreads it into its separate colors, and the second mirror focuses those colors onto the detector. Because the path is straightforward, this design corrects optical errors like coma very well and delivers excellent resolution, giving you a clean, sharp spectrum. The trade-off is size: the mirrors have to be spaced farther apart, so the instrument ends up bulkier and heavier, which is fine for a lab bench but may less convenient for portable use.\u003C/p>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: center;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https://source.venuslabtech.com/mall_1-prod/d6ffaf29-ad55-4bea-8c39-4ebd0e053f7d.png\" alt=\"\" data-href=\"\" style=\"\">\u003C/p>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: center;\">\u003Cstrong>Traditional C-T Design\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\u003Cp> \u003C/p>\u003Cp>The crossed C-T layout bends the light path by tilting the mirrors so they sit at an angle to each other. This makes the beam “cross” inside the instrument and shortens the overall optical path, allowing the whole spectrometer to be much smaller and easier to carry or fit into tight spaces. The compact design is perfect for handheld or field instruments where space and weight matter. However, because the light path is more complex, it doesn’t correct optical distortions quite as well as the traditional layout, and the ultimate resolution is a little lower. For most everyday measurements, though, the gain in portability and efficiency outweighs the slight loss in image quality, which is why many modern portable spectrometers use the crossed design.\u003C/p>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: center;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https://source.venuslabtech.com/mall_1-prod/67211677-d417-4eb5-9de7-6aecbf3cfff2.png\" alt=\"\" data-href=\"\" style=\"\">\u003C/p>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: center;\">\u003Cstrong>Crossed C-T Design\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\u003Cp> \u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>Components in a spectrometer\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\u003Cp> \u003C/p>\u003Cp>In a practical spectrometer, the following components are typically included:\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>1. SMA905 Connector:\u003C/strong> Couples light into the spectrometer via an SMA905 fiber optic connector, compatible with a wide range of optical accessories.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>2. Fixed Entrance Slit: \u003C/strong>Controls the width of the incoming light, directly affecting spectral resolution. A narrower slit increases resolution but reduces light throughput and can introduce noise, while a wider slit allows more light and improves the signal-to-noise ratio, at the cost of broader spectral features and lower wavelength resolution.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>3.Collimating Mirror: \u003C/strong>Collimates the light from the slit, turning it into a parallel beam directed onto the diffraction grating.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>4.Diffraction Grating:\u003C/strong> Disperses light into its spectral components. Multi-slit interference determines the positions of spectral lines, while single-slit diffraction influences the intensity distribution.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>5. Focusing Mirror: \u003C/strong>Focuses the first-order spectrum from the grating onto the detector plane.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>6.Detector: \u003C/strong>Typically a CCD or similar sensor, the detector is central to performance. Its material and design determine the spectral range, sensitivity, resolution, and signal-to-noise ratio. Light falling on the detector generates charges that are converted via an analog-to-digital (A/D) process to produce measurable spectral data.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>7.Higher-Order Diffraction Filter: \u003C/strong>Removes unwanted higher-order diffraction by filtering out low-frequency signals, ensuring the measured spectrum is accurate and clean.\u003C/p>\u003Cp> \u003C/p>\u003Cp>Based on the standard optical design, the light travel path in a spectrometer is typically as follows: SMA905 connector → Entrance slit → Collimating mirror → Grating → Focusing mirror → Detector → A/D conversion → FPGA → USB → PC interface.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cimg src=\"https://source.venuslabtech.com/mall_1-prod/c7fca54f-f75e-4129-a3b3-de974622f1c5.png\" alt=\"\" data-href=\"\" style=\"\"/>\u003C/p>","https://source.venuslabtech.com/mall-prod/203e7740-d7e0-426a-9a38-b7549d7bed44.png","Spectrometer",1,"0","2025-09-16 23:30:17","2025-09-16 23:31:22","Spectrometer Principle",0,"Mike Long",{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":23},[24,31,36],{"id":25,"configName":26,"configKey":27,"configValue":16,"createTime":28,"remark":29,"language":30},55,"Insight","news_type","2025-08-13 15:04:51","","en",{"id":32,"configName":33,"configKey":27,"configValue":34,"createTime":35,"remark":29,"language":30},56,"Tech","1","2025-08-13 15:05:15",{"id":37,"configName":38,"configKey":27,"configValue":39,"createTime":40,"remark":29,"language":30},59,"News","2","2025-08-15 14:31:14",{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":42},[43,54,68,95,109,123,133],{"id":44,"parentId":20,"name":45,"sortNum":15,"smallImage":46,"smallImageAlt":46,"introduction":47,"children":48,"elect":20,"childrenFlag":15},2,"Light Sources","https://source.venuslabtech.com/mall-prod/0513a35b-c34f-4a0b-9a7d-d2e627c17713.png","\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 19px; font-family: Arial;\">At VenusLab, our Light Sources portfolio is designed to meet the diverse needs of modern research and industry. From multi-channel LED modules to high-stability laser engines, each solution delivers precision, stability, and adaptability for your specific applications. Whether for advanced imaging, optogenetics, or fiber-coupled systems, VenusLab light sources ensure consistent performance to drive your innovation forward.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>",[49],{"id":50,"parentId":44,"name":51,"sortNum":44,"smallImage":52,"smallImageAlt":52,"introduction":53,"elect":20,"childrenFlag":15},10,"Laser","https://source.venuslabtech.com/mall-prod/e90dbc77-1a1b-4c2f-b6ab-2b8aba78233c.png","\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>",{"id":55,"parentId":20,"name":56,"sortNum":44,"smallImage":57,"smallImageAlt":57,"introduction":58,"children":59,"elect":20,"childrenFlag":15},3,"Detectors","https://source.venuslabtech.com/mall-prod/635fa0d9-5f9f-4575-8fbf-70d07d4a0fcf.png","\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 19px; font-family: Arial;\">The VenusLab detector product series is core-positioned around the concept of \"full-wavelength coverage, full-scenario adaptation, and high-precision output\". It builds a complete product matrix spanning from basic optical signal monitoring to single-photon-level ultra-high-precision detection through 6 major segmented categories. Covering the full wavelength range from ultraviolet (185nm) to short-wave infrared (2500nm), with response speeds ranging from 50ns down to 1ns and detection sensitivity spanning from 0.1nW to the single-photon level, this series can meet the differentiated optical signal detection needs across multiple fields such as scientific research, industry, biomedicine, and security. It provides stable and accurate core sensing components for various light-related applications.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>",[60,64],{"id":61,"parentId":55,"name":62,"sortNum":15,"smallImage":63,"smallImageAlt":63,"introduction":53,"elect":20,"childrenFlag":15},18,"Photodetector","https://source.venuslabtech.com/mall-prod/33fb14c5-d255-496c-b822-a0b81ee1a6ba.png",{"id":65,"parentId":55,"name":66,"sortNum":44,"smallImage":67,"smallImageAlt":67,"introduction":53,"elect":20,"childrenFlag":15},19,"Photodiodes","https://source.venuslabtech.com/mall-prod/15133790-2487-4ce3-bc77-372db6368e9b.png",{"id":69,"parentId":20,"name":70,"sortNum":55,"smallImage":71,"smallImageAlt":71,"introduction":72,"children":73,"elect":20,"childrenFlag":15},4,"Imaging","https://source.venuslabtech.com/mall-prod/02082dd8-575f-4441-8e63-81a43853d93c.png","\u003Cp style=\"line-height: 1.5;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 19px; font-family: Arial;\">Centered on the core concept of \"Precise Capture + Ecological Synergy\", the VenusLab imaging product series covers the entire imaging wavelength range from ultraviolet (200nm) to short-wave infrared (2500nm). It builds a complete product matrix that spans from microscopic imaging to weak light signal visualization through 4 major segmented product categories.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\u003Cp style=\"line-height: 1.5;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 19px; font-family: Arial;\">The series can seamlessly interface with its detectors (such as single-photon counting modules and InGaAs detectors) and optical equipment, while boasting the combined characteristics of high resolution (up to 20 million pixels), high frame rate (up to 120fps), and low noise (dark current ≤ 1e-12 A). It meets the integrated needs of \"imaging - analysis - recording\" in fields including scientific research, industry, and biomedicine.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>",[74,78,82,86,91],{"id":75,"parentId":69,"name":76,"sortNum":15,"smallImage":77,"smallImageAlt":77,"introduction":53,"elect":20,"childrenFlag":15},24,"Scientific Cameras","https://source.venuslabtech.com/mall-prod/a53af2a6-2e06-4a58-936b-03479dda5ca0.png",{"id":79,"parentId":69,"name":80,"sortNum":44,"smallImage":81,"smallImageAlt":81,"introduction":53,"elect":20,"childrenFlag":15},25,"CMOS Cameras","https://source.venuslabtech.com/mall-prod/89dbbff2-301e-4dd6-a1a6-3196ea189a86.png",{"id":83,"parentId":69,"name":84,"sortNum":55,"smallImage":85,"smallImageAlt":85,"introduction":53,"elect":20,"childrenFlag":15},26,"CCD Cameras","https://source.venuslabtech.com/mall-prod/4362a829-8e2d-46a7-96c1-4c8ee45a6d15.png",{"id":87,"parentId":69,"name":88,"sortNum":89,"smallImage":90,"smallImageAlt":90,"introduction":53,"elect":20,"childrenFlag":15},32,"HDMI Cameras",9,"https://source.venuslabtech.com/mall-prod/4f44eb5c-8319-48da-b669-f3c4dbbcb13a.png",{"id":92,"parentId":69,"name":93,"sortNum":50,"smallImage":94,"smallImageAlt":94,"introduction":53,"elect":20,"childrenFlag":15},33,"Microscope Cameras","https://source.venuslabtech.com/mall-prod/d8690bc7-4af2-42a6-b02b-1cf084b52eb5.png",{"id":96,"parentId":20,"name":97,"sortNum":69,"smallImage":98,"smallImageAlt":98,"introduction":99,"children":100,"elect":20,"childrenFlag":15},5,"Optics & Fiber","https://source.venuslabtech.com/mall-prod/af136da6-6853-426d-8a86-5adc2985f50b.png","\u003Cp style=\"line-height: 1.5;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 19px; font-family: Arial;\">VenusLab's optical and fiber optic component products focus on high-precision optical signal regulation and transmission. They cover the entire chain from basic optical components to fiber optic integration solutions, and can form a synergistic effect with the company's own detectors, cameras and other products to build a complete optical system.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>",[101,105],{"id":102,"parentId":96,"name":103,"sortNum":15,"smallImage":104,"smallImageAlt":104,"introduction":53,"elect":20,"childrenFlag":15},34,"Imaging Optics","https://source.venuslabtech.com/mall-prod/ccadce05-879a-4005-bdf3-f0ea7c5c6ed7.png",{"id":106,"parentId":96,"name":107,"sortNum":55,"smallImage":108,"smallImageAlt":108,"introduction":53,"elect":20,"childrenFlag":15},36,"Fiber Parts","https://source.venuslabtech.com/mall-prod/1b80704b-5f12-40e1-b685-064d3055c56c.png",{"id":110,"parentId":20,"name":111,"sortNum":96,"smallImage":112,"smallImageAlt":112,"introduction":113,"children":114,"elect":20,"childrenFlag":15},6,"Opto-Mechanics","https://source.venuslabtech.com/mall-prod/3deebc29-027a-4603-b724-63f7e4fa6910.png","\u003Cp style=\"line-height: 1.5;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 19px; font-family: Arial;\">The VenusLab optomechanical products serve as the core carrier for supporting the stable operation of optical experiments and industrial optical systems, with \"Full-Dimensional Regulation + High-Stability Support + Extreme Environment Adaptability\" as their core value.They cover the full range of needs, spanning from \"microscopic position alignment\" to \"macroscopic system construction\", and from \"normal temperature & conventional scenarios\" to \"high-low temperature/vacuum extreme scenarios\".\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\u003Cp style=\"line-height: 1.5;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 19px; font-family: Arial;\">These products can achieve seamless synergy with the company’s in-house detectors, imaging equipment, light sources, and other products, forming an integrated optical solution for \"optical signal generation - transmission - regulation - detection\". They provide precision mechanical control capabilities ranging from the micrometer to nanometer scale for the scientific research and industrial fields.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>",[115,119],{"id":116,"parentId":110,"name":117,"sortNum":96,"smallImage":118,"smallImageAlt":118,"introduction":53,"elect":20,"childrenFlag":15},62,"Optical Tables","https://source.venuslabtech.com/mall-prod/1016b0a2-f58c-42c5-8e30-2c2f70e9c4c4.png",{"id":120,"parentId":110,"name":121,"sortNum":110,"smallImage":122,"smallImageAlt":122,"introduction":53,"elect":20,"childrenFlag":15},63,"Temperature Stage","https://source.venuslabtech.com/mall-prod/9710b50f-7653-4488-a541-811f4d9b889c.png",{"id":124,"parentId":20,"name":125,"sortNum":110,"smallImage":126,"smallImageAlt":126,"introduction":127,"children":128,"elect":20,"childrenFlag":15},7,"Optical Test & Metrology","https://source.venuslabtech.com/mall-prod/88a64fab-6c58-416d-8630-cea8401c3ecb.png","\u003Cp style=\"line-height: 1.5;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 19px; font-family: Arial;\">VenusLab's optical measurement and characterization products are centered on the core of \"Full Parameter Coverage, Extreme Environment Adaptability, and Intelligent Analysis\".They cover four major categories: spectral measurement, power and energy measurement, beam analysis, and infrared temperature measurement and imaging.Together with the company's in-house optomechanical products, these products form a closed-loop solution for \"Precision Regulation - Accurate Measurement\".\u003C/span>\u003C/p>",[129],{"id":130,"parentId":124,"name":131,"sortNum":15,"smallImage":132,"smallImageAlt":132,"introduction":53,"elect":20,"childrenFlag":15},69,"Spectral Measurement","https://source.venuslabtech.com/mall-prod/db8d8151-da44-436e-834a-28644b643784.png",{"id":134,"parentId":20,"name":135,"sortNum":124,"smallImage":136,"smallImageAlt":136,"introduction":137,"children":138,"elect":20,"childrenFlag":15},8,"Systems & Applications","https://source.venuslabtech.com/mall-prod/151843f8-ac03-4d88-a343-c0fbd70e75d1.png","\u003Cp style=\"line-height: 1.5;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 19px; font-family: Arial;\">Centered on \"Basic Observation - High-Resolution Analysis\", VenusLab offers brightfield/fluorescence microscopy for routine high-efficiency imaging, and confocal/Raman microscopy focusing on ultra-high resolution and molecular spectroscopy integration. Sharing modules and unified interfaces for flexible switching, they provide one-stop solutions for \"morphology observation - composition - structural analysis\" in biomedicine and materials science.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>",[139,144],{"id":140,"parentId":134,"name":141,"sortNum":44,"smallImage":142,"smallImageAlt":142,"introduction":143,"elect":20,"childrenFlag":15},85,"Confocal/Raman Microscopy","https://source.venuslabtech.com/mall-prod/dbf92573-535b-4fcb-b200-b90f31ae2d3b.png","\u003Cp style=\"line-height: 1.5;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.85); font-size: 19px; font-family: Arial;\">The Confocal/Raman Microscopy System is a product of in-depth integration of confocal microscopic imaging technology and Raman spectroscopy technology. It uses confocal technology to achieve high-resolution optical imaging and spatial localization of samples, and simultaneously acquires the molecular structure \"fingerprint information\" of designated microregions through Raman spectroscopy, ultimately realizing integrated detection of \"morphological observation - component identification - structural analysis\".\u003C/span>\u003C/p>",{"id":145,"parentId":134,"name":146,"sortNum":55,"smallImage":147,"smallImageAlt":147,"introduction":53,"childrenFlag":15},197,"Biological microscopy","https://source.venuslabtech.com/mall-prod/139800a9-89d5-4fa3-a2b7-4a3760edc22c.png",1764059247084]